perfunctory - Master This Word
Master this word with our 5-step learning method – Learn English in English
perfunctory Word Meanings
- done as a duty with little interest
- lacking effort or enthusiasm
- superficial or cursory
perfunctory Example Sentences
Example sentences are the start of understanding. Don't rush to memorize. First feel how the word works in a sentence.
perfunctory Phonetic & Pronunciation
UK
/pəˈfʌŋk.tə.ri/
US
/pərˈfʌŋk.tɚ.i/
perfunctory Word Etymology
per- = through + funct = perform + -ory = relating to. Origin: Latin (perfunctorius) → Old French (perfunctoire) → English. Imagine a worker going through the motions, performing tasks without passion, as if on autopilot.
Note 1: These definitions and etymologies are not standard dictionary definitions, but extended explanations provided to help with memorization and understanding of the actual application of words. Through this background information, we strive to make words more vivid and easier to understand, and help you remember their meanings in real life.
Note 2: LexiTalk designs the learning flow around the linguistics principle of “Comprehensible Input.” When learners encounter material that is slightly above their level but still understandable from context, the brain naturally absorbs the language. That’s why we keep every word inside authentic contexts, using examples and associations to help you understand it and use it flexibly.
Read the FAQ explanation of Comprehensible InputReal Context
Perfunctory means done quickly and without real interest, care, or enthusiasm, often as a routine duty. It describes actions that feel obligatory rather than thoughtful, such as a smile, a check, or a response that lacks warmth. The term usually carries a negative connotation, suggesting someone is going through the motions rather than engaging with the task or audience. In many contexts a perfunctory effort fails to meet expected standards or address underlying needs. The sense is of something performed automatically, with little attention to quality. Etymology: from Latin per- (through) + funct- (perform) + -ory, via Old French. Picture a worker who completes tasks on autopilot, not with care or pride in the result.
Usage Reminders
- Notice the negative tone; use perfunctory to describe a lack of care, not a casual habit. Pair with nouns like 'apology', 'greeting', 'inspection', or 'response'. Avoid overusing in praise or when genuine effort is clear. Compare with 'routine' or 'mechanical' to show nuance. Check context: is the action being criticized or merely described as routine? Etymology helps remember its 'through/perform' roots. Use in formal writing or critique to signal a lack of engagement.
Common Misconceptions
- It means careless or sloppy, which it does not; it means lacking genuine engagement.
- It is the same as 'efficient' or 'competent' in any situation.
- It only describes people, not actions.
- It implies rudeness; it always insults others.
- It means the task is easy or quick because the person is lazy.
Thinking Differences
Explain to an English speaker (meta, keep short)
Learning Tips
- Practice using perfunctory with negatives to show subtlety (not always negative).
- Pair with objects that invite sincerity (smile, apology, briefing).
- Contrast with genuine effort to see nuance.
- Note common collocations: perfunctory nod, perfunctory check, perfunctory reply.
- Read critique passages to observe when it is used critically.
- Create one light-hearted scenario and one serious scenario to practice.
5-Step Learning Method - Learn English in English
Step 1: Meaning
What is the meaning of the word 'perfunctory'?
A.Precise
B.Caring
C.Hasty
D.Optimistic
Step 2: Usage
Which of the following sentences uses 'perfunctory' correctly?
A.His perfunctory apology did not seem sincere.
B.She completed the project with great care and attention to detail.
C.The teacher was optimistic about the students' performance.
D.He spent hours meticulously planning the event.
Step 3: Similar Words
Choose the synonym for 'perfunctory':
A.Thorough
B.Careless
C.Cursory
D.Meticulous
Step 4: Opposite Words
Select the opposite of 'perfunctory':
A.Efficient
B.Detailed
C.Superficial
D.Swift
Step 5: Mastery
In what real-life scenario might someone display a perfunctory attitude?
A.Giving a heartfelt speech at a wedding
B.Working diligently on a challenging task
C.Writing a thoughtful thank-you note
D.Completing paperwork without attention to detail
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