includes - Master This Word
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includes Word Meanings
- to contain something as part of a whole
- to make someone or something a part of a group or situation
- to comprise or encompass
includes Example Sentences
Example sentences are the start of understanding. Don't rush to memorize. First feel how the word works in a sentence.
includes Phonetic & Pronunciation
UK
/ɪnˈkluːd/
US
/ɪnˈklud/
includes Word Etymology
Root decomposition: in- (not) + claudere (to close) = not closing off. Historical origin: Latin → Old French → English. Memory image: Imagine an open door where everyone is welcome to enter and join, symbolizing inclusivity.
Note 1: These definitions and etymologies are not standard dictionary definitions, but extended explanations provided to help with memorization and understanding of the actual application of words. Through this background information, we strive to make words more vivid and easier to understand, and help you remember their meanings in real life.
Note 2: LexiTalk designs the learning flow around the linguistics principle of “Comprehensible Input.” When learners encounter material that is slightly above their level but still understandable from context, the brain naturally absorbs the language. That’s why we keep every word inside authentic contexts, using examples and associations to help you understand it and use it flexibly.
Read the FAQ explanation of Comprehensible InputEnglish Brain Route
First I move a card from the stack and set it on the table. I push it into the circle of objects and watch how the space shifts. Carefully I adjust the angle and the pressure, trying to fit it with the others. When it settles into the whole, the scene feels tighter and I sense that it belongs.
Real Context
Include is a versatile verb signaling that something is part of a larger whole. It covers items belonging to a set (The price includes tax; This kit includes batteries), and actions that bring someone into a group or situation (Please include me in the invite list). It also means that a document, plan, or list contains certain elements (The agenda includes three topics). Etymology notes in- (not) + claudere (to close), but historically it meant to surround or encompass rather than close off, aligning with an open-door, inclusive idea. Memory image: an open door inviting everyone to enter and participate.
Usage Reminders
- Use include with what is contained in or part of something. Pair include with in, into, or as part of. Distinguish include from contain when the thing is not necessarily a fixed set. Be careful with passive: be included in vs. include in. Common collocations: include in, include as, include tax, include an example.
Common Misconceptions
- Include means the item is inside something physically.
- Include always introduces a list of items.
- Include equals contain.
- Be included in means the subject is passive and not chosen.
- Include can only be used with taxes or costs.
Thinking Differences
English speakers often think of include as drawing a boundary around what is part of a set, whereas many languages treat inclusion as a broader notion of belonging. Learners sometimes confuse include with contain when the items are not fixed or when the emphasis is on who is invited rather than what is inside.
Learning Tips
- Memorize the door-in image for inclusivity.
- Link include with in/into to show membership.
- Practice with tax vs. tax-inclusive phrases.
- Differentiate include from contain based on fixed sets.
- Use include in invitations and agendas to show participation.
- Check collocations in receipts, tickets, and plans.
Related Listening
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